The study of left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities in acute coronary syndrome by doppler echocardiography

Objectives: To study the left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities by doppler echocardiography and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome. Methods:  Fifty patients of acute coronary syndrome were included in the study. The left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was studied using doppler transmitral velocities within the apical 4- chambers view (1st study-on the day of admission and 2nd study- after one week). The various parameters studied were peak E (peak rapid filling velocity), peak A (atrial contraction wave), E/A ratio, E-DT (E- deceleration time), IVRT (isovolumetric relaxation time), S-wave (systolic forward flow wave), D-wave (diastolic forward flow wave) and AR-wave (atrial reversal wave). Results: Of 50 patients studied 3 had normal, 36 patients had impaired relaxation, 5 patients had pseudo-normalization, 4 patients reversible and 2 patients irreversible restrictive filling on the day of admission (1st study). In the 2nd study (after one week) 16 were normal, 20 patients had impaired relaxation, 5 patients had pseudo-normalization, 6 patients had reversible and 2 patients had irreversible restrictive filling. Conclusion: Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the setting of acute coronary syndrome helps in the management and provides independent noninvasive prognostic information

Chip equalized adaptive rake receiver for DS-CDMA UWB systems

Conventional Rake receiver is a popular and effective method of utilizing the diversity offered by a DS-CDMA and multipath communication channel. The proposed Rake receiver is useful for suppression of multiple access interference in a multipath channel. The receiver works on chip level equalization on each Rake finger to cancel multi-access interference. Simulation results show that the convergence, diversity gain and bit error probability performance of the proposed receiver is much better than conventional adaptive Rake receiver in multipath channels

Frequency and time hopping PPM UWB multiple access communication scheme

In this paper we propose frequency and time hopping pulse position modulation (FTH-PPM) ultra wideband (UWB) for multiple access communications.We have derived and investigated the bit error probability for the multi-user synchronous transmitter case in multipath channels with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Simulation results show that bit error probability performance of FTH-PPM UWB out performs the time hopping pulse position modulated (TH-PPM) UWB system. It also show that multiuser capacity of FTH-PPM UWB system is much better than TH-PPM UWB system

Soil fertility as influenced by alternate sequential cropping systems to rice-rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Tunga Bhadra project area

A field experiment was carried out in farmers field near Agriculture Research Station, Siruguppa in Karnataka during kharif and rabi of 2014-15 to Study influence of alternate sequential copping systems to rice-rice (Oryza sativa L.) system on fertility status of soil in Tunga Bhadra Project (TBP) Area. The experimental site was medium deep black with soil pH (8.01), EC (0.54 dS m-1), available nitrogen (240.80 kg ha-1), P2O5 (22.90 kg ha-1) and K2O (347.49 kg ha-1). The experiment comprised of seven sequential cropping systems viz., T1: Rice-maize, T2: Rice-sorghum, T3: Rice-chickpea, T4: Rice-sesame, T5: Maize-chickpea, T6: Cotton-sesame and T7: Rice-rice. These treatments were laid out in completely randomized block design with three replications. The study revealed that significantly higher rice equivalent yield (REY) was recorded in cotton-sesame cropping system (13117 kg ha-1) compared to rest of the cropping systems. Significantly higher system productivity was recorded with maize-chickpea (35.94 REY kg ha-1 day-1) cropping system and it was significantly superior over existing rice-rice (26.89 REY kg ha-1day-1) cropping systems. Significantly higher available nitrogen (210.21 kg ha-1) and P2O5 (34.22 kgha-1) in soil was noticed with ricechickpea cropping system whereas significantly higher available K2O was obtained after the harvest of rice-rice cropping system (330.10 kg ha-1). The cotton-sesame and maize-chickpea crop sequences are more productive and sustainable as they improve the productivity and fertility status of soil when compared to other cropping sequences and can be a better option for the farmers of the Tunga Bhadra Project area, Karnataka

Influence of pre-bloom sprays of benzyladenine on in vitro recovery of hybrid embryos from crosses of Thompson Seedless and 8 seeded varieties of grape (Vitis spp.)

The present investigations are part of a study to introgress downy mildew resistance in Thompson Seedless through breeding and in ovulo embryo rescue methods. The influence of sprays of benzyladenine (BA) at prebloom and bloom on the percentage of embryo recovery, germination and development of hybrid plants is described. BA gave mixed results among the 8 cross combinations. With some crosses, BA drastically improved these parameters. In almost all crosses, germination increased significantly with BA sprays. The influence on plant development and recovery depended on BA treatment and the male parent

Ecosystem Responses in the Distribution of Black Clam (Villorita cyprinoides) Beds in Vembanad Estuary during Environmental Changes Using GIS and RS

The biomass and distribution of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) in Vembanad, a tropical estuary located along the southwest coast of India varied significantly. Sampling was done in freshwater-dominated zone in the south (distal) and brackish water zone in the north (proximal), during pre and post monsoon seasons. Clam biomass was estimated from samples, collected from different stations during the study period. Water transparency and temperature were measured at the sample sites. Water samples were collected and analysed for salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and hardness. There was a significant difference in the clam biomass during the two seasons in the distal zone, and those collected from the distal and proximal zones during premonsoon season. The data were further analysed to determine the factors affecting the clam biomass distribution in the two zones and seasons. Factor analyses, comparing the distal zone during two seasons and zonal variations were similar to earlier observations. Step wise regression analyses found that dissolved oxygen (adjusted R2 = 0.3) is the only variable affecting clam survival during pre-monsoon period in the distal and proximal zones. A geographic map of the region obtained from the Indian satellite sensor LISS (Linear Image Self Scanner) was used along with in situ data to map the results using inverse distance weightage model

Why do mothers die? A retrospective analysis of maternal mortality over 7 years in a tertiary care teaching Hospital in North Karnataka, India

 Background: Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is still high in many developing countries. In Southern India, the maternal mortality is highest in the state of Karnataka. Therefore, a study was conducted at BLDE (DU) Shri BM Patil medical college, hospital and research centre to study the causes of maternal deaths, and to make recommendation to reduce the maternal mortality.Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the maternal deaths between 2012 to 2019 was done.Results: A total of 58 women died due to pregnancy and its complications during the period of 2012-2019. Average age of death was 25.42 years. It was noted that 70.7% of the patients travelled over 30 km to reach Vijayapura city. The predisposing causes of death were post-partum haemorrhage (44.8%) eclampsia (18.9%), anaemia (17.2%), pulmonary or amniotic fluid embolism (12.1%), sepsis (10.3%) antepartum haemorrhage (3.4%) and cardiac disease (6.9%). A death each occurred in patients suffering cholestasis and adult respiratory distress syndrome. A majority of the deaths were post-partum deaths (84%). Most of the deaths of the occurred during the first 12 hours of admission (82.76). A total of 11 patients received blood and blood components. Of the 58 deaths, 56(96%) required ventilatory support., 47 (81%) patients received ionotropic support. 11 (19%) patients underwent peripartum hysterectomy.Conclusions: Timely intervention can save maternal lives. Services of well-equipped hospitals with obstetric intensive care units having a dedicated team of well-trained obstetricians, intensivists and anaesthesiologist are recommended in a facility which is near the residence of the pregnant women. Facilities for quick transfer of the cases who are high risk are required

A Multiband Slot Antenna loaded with Stubs for WLAN/WiMAX/Satellite TV Applications

A compact planar multiband antenna operating at 2.65 (lower WiMAX)/5.20 (WLAN)/6.75/7.30 GHz (Satellite TV) is presented. The antenna consists of circular radiator in which a rectangular slot is etched out. Also, the circular radiator is loaded with a rectangular and two hook-shaped stubs to achieve multiband operations. The impedance matching at these bands is achieved by using two small square stubs placed inside the hook-shaped stubs. The antenna has an electrical dimension of 0.17λl x 0.17λl x 0.01λl at the lower frequency of 2.65 GHz. The antenna has S11<-10dB bandwidth of 3% (2.6-2.68GHz), 2.3% (5.12-5.24GHz), 1.2% (6.68-6.76GHz) and 1.37% (7.26-7.36GHz) in simulation and about 6.25% (2.48-2.64GHz), 2.24% (5.3-5.42GHz), 1.15% (6.92-7.00GHz) and 1.1% (8.04-8.12GHz) under measurement. The entire simulation analysis of the antenna is carried out using HFSS v.13.0

Assessment of spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics in tropical arid ecosystem of India using MODIS time-series vegetation indices

In the present study, we analyzed spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics to identify and delineate the vegetation stress zones in tropical arid ecosystem of Anantapuramu district, Andhra Pradesh, India, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Anomaly Index (VAI) derived from time-series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 16-day products (MOD13Q1) at 250 m spatial resolution for the growing season (June to September) of 19 years during 2000 to 2018. The 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was computed for 30 years (1989 to 2018) to quantify the precipitation deficit/surplus regions and assess its influence on vegetation dynamics. The growing season mean NDVI and VCI were correlated with growing season mean 1-month SPI of dry (2003) and wet (2007) years to analyze the spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics. The correlation analysis between SPI and NDVI for dry year (2003) showed strong positive correlation (r = 0.89). Analysis of VAI for dry year (2003) indicates that the central, western, and southwestern parts of the district reported high vegetation stress with VAI of less than − 2.0. This might be due to the fact that central and south-western parts of the district are more prone to droughts than the other parts of the district. The correlation analysis of SPI, NDVI, and VCI distinctly shows the impact of rainfall on vegetation dynamics. The study clearly demonstrates the robustness of NDVI, VCI, and VAI derived from time-series MODIS data in monitoring the spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics and delineate vegetation stress zones in tropical arid ecosystem of India